filename : Mue04d.pdf entry : accepted pages : 25-31 year : 2004 title : Interactive Blood Simulation for Virtual Surgery Based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics author : Matthias Mueller, Simon Schirm, Matthias Teschner booktitle : Journal of Technology and Health Care editor : publisher : IOS Press Amsterdam, ISSN 0928-7329 language : English month : keywords : smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), particle systems, fluid simulation, surgical simulation abstract : In this paper, we propose an interactive method based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) to simulate blood as a fluid with free surfaces. While SPH was originally designed to simulate astronomical objects, we gear the method towards fluid simulation by deriving the force density fields directly from the Navier-Stokes equation and by adding a term to model surface tension effects. In contrast to Eulerian grid-based approaches, the particle-based approach makes mass conservation equations and convection terms dispensable which reduces the complexity of the simulation. In addition, the particles can directly be used to render the surface of the fluid. Our method can be used in interactive surgical training systems with models of up to 3000 particles.